Kostagianni Konstantina Head of the Center, Graduate of Speech Therapy TEI of Epirus, created in 2013 the “word”. The starting point was the love and respect for children who have problems in the development of speech and language as well as the sincere interest in their families.
It is the difficulty in perceiving, processing and organizing phonemes in words. That is, a whole group of sounds has not been mastered correctly and therefore multiple sounds are mispronounced and confused, while they should not be according to the chronological age of the child.
These difficulties often occur in preschool children and if not treated in a timely and appropriate manner may lead to learning difficulties (difficulty in learning the first Scripture and the first Reading in primary school)
Symptoms (phonological disorder is manifested by):
Etiology (causes of phonological disorders may be):
It is a disorder in which the child is unable to articulate one or more sounds in his speech.
This can happen either due to incorrect placement of the speech modules (tongue, lips, teeth, etc.) (example 1) or due to some anatomical structural abnormality (poor tooth convergence, short bridle, etc.) (example 2).
If the bridle is short, lifting the tongue on the palate is not possible.
For the correct production of the phoneme / ρ / the tongue should touch the palate.
Stuttering is a speech disorder in which a person knows exactly what he or she wants to say, but is currently unable to say it due to an involuntary repetitive prolongation or pause of a pitch. Stuttering usually occurs between the ages of 2-7 at a sensitive age, as at this age the child develops significant speech.
Most children show symptoms of stuttering at a very young age (2-3 years), but it is a period of ‘normal’ or ‘evolutionary’ stuttering, ie it is an evolutionary phase in the development of speech, where the child repeats words or syllables and this This is because the child’s demands for fluency are not the same as his or her abilities. In this case the symptoms subside without therapeutic intervention.
However, there are cases where the symptoms of stuttering last for more than 6 months and instead of subsiding, they become persistent, indicating that it is more than an evolutionary phase in the development of speech and may develop into a speech flow disorder.
It is therefore necessary, every child who shows persistent stuttering symptoms lasting more than 6 months to be evaluated by a Speech Therapist as soon as possible, in order to diagnose in time the nature and extent of stuttering.
Early assessment of the child and early intervention significantly increases the chances of the spontaneous flow of speech returning. This way the child will not have to experience the unbearable emotional pressure of being different or the reactions of his peers during his academic career.
Symptoms of stuttering
Secondary behaviors and emotions
After the manifestation of stuttering, unpleasant feelings and beliefs are created such as:
The causes of stuttering can be multiple. Hereditary predisposition plays a role in stuttering. Neurological factors may be associated with the onset of stuttering as well as psychogenic factors such as stress and stressors. Emotional factors also seem to play an important role in the onset and worsening of stuttering, as parents often report stuttering after a fear or traumatic event (eg car accident) or after an emotional shock.
Early intervention is the most effective way to overcome difficulties. Therefore, communication with a Speech Therapist should be done as soon as the symptoms are observed.
Acceleration is a disorder of speech flow, in which speech is characterized by an excessive speed and the absence of pauses. In tachycardia, the joint is not clear-cut. The words are pronounced hastily, distorted so that the speech is not fully understood. In normal contexts we pronounce 10-12 sounds per second while in the phenomenon of acceleration 20-30 or more,
But the effects of haste on the individual are not limited to pronunciation. They often extend to the written word, which may present a relentless character with omissions of letters and falsifications of words.
Articulation and pronunciation also differ and in particular, during speech, we have frequent inhalations and a disordered rhythm in the pronunciation of words and in the gaps between them.
The main difference between a patient with stuttering and a patient with tachycardia is that the former has structured thinking but finds it difficult to express it in words while the patient with tachycardia does not have difficulty in capturing his thoughts but these thoughts become disorganized during the his speech, making his speech incomprehensible. In other words, while the thought runs at its own fast pace, speech cannot follow at this pace. Thought and speech are not synchronized.
Symptoms of haste
Stuttering is a speech disorder in which a person knows exactly what he or she wants to say, but is currently unable to say it due to an involuntary repetitive prolongation or pause of a pitch. Stuttering usually occurs between the ages of 2-7 at a sensitive age, as at this age the child develops significant speech.
Most children show symptoms of stuttering at a very young age (2-3 years), but it is a period of ‘normal’ or ‘evolutionary’ stuttering, ie it is an evolutionary phase in the development of speech, where the child repeats words or syllables and this This is because the child’s demands for fluency are not the same as his or her abilities. In this case the symptoms subside without therapeutic intervention.
However, there are cases where the symptoms of stuttering last for more than 6 months and instead of subsiding, they become persistent, indicating that it is more than an evolutionary phase in the development of speech and may develop into a speech flow disorder.
It is therefore necessary, every child who shows persistent stuttering symptoms lasting more than 6 months to be evaluated by a Speech Therapist as soon as possible, in order to diagnose in time the nature and extent of stuttering.
Early assessment of the child and early intervention significantly increases the chances of the spontaneous flow of speech returning. This way the child will not have to experience the unbearable emotional pressure of being different or the reactions of his peers during his academic career.
Symptoms of stuttering
Secondary behaviors and emotions
After the manifestation of stuttering, unpleasant feelings and beliefs are created such as:
The causes of stuttering can be multiple. Hereditary predisposition plays a role in stuttering. Neurological factors may be associated with the onset of stuttering as well as psychogenic factors such as stress and stressors. Emotional factors also seem to play an important role in the onset and worsening of stuttering, as parents often report stuttering after a fear or traumatic event (eg car accident) or after an emotional shock.
Early intervention is the most effective way to overcome difficulties. Therefore, communication with a Speech Therapist should be done as soon as the symptoms are observed.
Acceleration is a disorder of speech flow, in which speech is characterized by an excessive speed and the absence of pauses. In tachycardia, the joint is not clear-cut. The words are pronounced hastily, distorted so that the speech is not fully understood. In normal contexts we pronounce 10-12 sounds per second while in the phenomenon of acceleration 20-30 or more,
But the effects of haste on the individual are not limited to pronunciation. They often extend to the written word, which may present a relentless character with omissions of letters and falsifications of words.
Articulation and pronunciation also differ and in particular, during speech, we have frequent inhalations and a disordered rhythm in the pronunciation of words and in the gaps between them.
The main difference between a patient with stuttering and a patient with tachycardia is that the former has structured thinking but finds it difficult to express it in words while the patient with tachycardia does not have difficulty in capturing his thoughts but these thoughts become disorganized during the his speech, making his speech incomprehensible. In other words, while the thought runs at its own fast pace, speech cannot follow at this pace. Thought and speech are not synchronized.
Symptoms of haste
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